What LaTeX is
A LaTeX table is a tabular environment: a column specification, ampersands between cells and double backslashes at the end of each row.
Academic papers, theses and anything typeset with LaTeX or written in Overleaf.
What JPEG is
A lossy image format designed for photographs, where losing a little detail in a gradient is invisible.
Places that will not accept a PNG upload.
What changes when you convert LaTeX to JPEG
The tabular body is read, rules are dropped, and escaped characters are unescaped. Text wrapped in textbf or emph is reduced to the text itself.
The same render as PNG, saved as JPEG. It is the worse choice for a table and it is worth knowing why: JPEG compresses by discarding detail around sharp edges, and a table is nothing but sharp edges. Letters get a visible halo and hairline rules blur. It also has no transparency, so a background colour is always painted rather than left clear.
What carries over from LaTeX to JPEG
LaTeX records 2 things about a table that JPEG has no way to hold.
LaTeX can hold a value that is itself a list or an object. JPEG has only flat cells, so nested values are flattened into one cell rather than being spread across columns.
Nothing in JPEG records that the first row is a header. It is drawn at the top and looks like one, which is all that is left of the distinction.