What TSV is
TSV is CSV with tabs instead of commas. Because tabs almost never appear inside a value, quoting is rarely needed and the files are easier to read by eye.
Bioinformatics, log processing, and anyone who has copied a block of cells out of a spreadsheet: the clipboard format is TSV.
What MATLAB is
MATLAB cell arrays combined into a table with the table() function.
Engineering and research code.
What changes when you convert TSV to MATLAB
The tab is unambiguous, so there is no delimiter to guess. This is the most reliable of the delimited formats to read.
One cell array per column, then a single table() call. Column names are sanitised to valid variable names.
What carries over from TSV to MATLAB
TSV records 2 things about a table that MATLAB has no way to hold.
MATLAB wants a type for each column, and TSV does not record one, so each column is typed from what its values look like. A column of digits that should stay text - a zip code, a phone number, a leading-zero id - is the usual thing to check afterwards.
A line break inside a cell ends the row in MATLAB, so line breaks are replaced rather than carried through.
MATLAB marks its header cells differently from its data cells, so the first row is written with that marker.
TSV can be read one record at a time. MATLAB has to be complete before it means anything, so the whole table is held in memory while it is written and a file that gets cut off part way through is not partly usable - it is unusable.
The identifier 007 comes out of the MATLAB as 007. Reading it as a number would have made it 7, and an id that changes value is worse than one that stays text.
The role "Analyst, data" survives with its comma, in one cell rather than split across two. That is the first thing to check in any converted table, and the usual place a MATLAB file goes wrong.
The quotes around Jonah "Jo" Pryce are left as a plain quote character in the MATLAB.