What XLS is
An Excel workbook is a zip archive of XML parts describing sheets, cells, formulas, styles and charts. The .xlsx extension is that format; .xls is the older binary one from before 2007.
Finance, operations and anyone who received a file from finance or operations.
What CSV is
CSV is a text file where each line is a row and commas separate the fields. There is no type system, no formatting and no second sheet. Every value is text until something downstream decides otherwise.
Almost every database, analytics tool and spreadsheet can read and write it, which is why exports default to it.
What changes when you convert XLS to CSV
Only the first sheet is read, and cells are read as the text Excel displays rather than the number underneath. That matters for dates: a cell showing 15/03/2026 arrives as that string, not as a serial number you would then have to decode.
Any value containing the delimiter, a quote or a line break gets wrapped in quotes, and embedded quotes are doubled. That is the rule in RFC 4180 and it is what spreadsheet software expects.
.xls is a binary format, not a zip of XML. That is why a text editor shows you noise when you open one, and why some converters that handle .xlsx refuse it. The reader used here handles both.
The row limit that made .xls painful, 65,536 rows, is a property of the file rather than of the conversion. If your data hit that ceiling, the file is already truncated and converting it will not bring the missing rows back.
As with any spreadsheet conversion, formulas resolve to their values and formatting is left behind.
What carries over from XLS to CSV
Excel records 3 things about a table that CSV has no way to hold.
Excel distinguishes a number from the text of a number; CSV does not, so every value arrives as text and has to be re-parsed by whatever reads it next.
An empty cell and a missing one are the same thing in CSV, so a null and an empty string in the Excel both come out blank and can no longer be told apart.
Anything visual in the Excel - weight, alignment, colour, column widths - has no counterpart in CSV and is dropped. The values are what survives.
The result can be read a record at a time, and appended to by adding to the end of it. That is worth having for a table too large to hold in memory, and it means a CSV file that is cut off part way through still gives you every record before the cut.