What JSON is
JSON is a text format for nested data: objects with named keys, arrays, strings, numbers, booleans and null. It has no date type and no comments.
Every web API, most configuration files and anything that talks to JavaScript.
What JSON Lines is
JSON Lines is one complete JSON object per line, with no enclosing array and no commas between records. The file is not valid JSON as a whole, and that is the point.
Log pipelines, machine learning datasets and anything that appends records or reads them in a stream.
What changes when you convert JSON to JSON Lines
Four shapes all read correctly: an array of objects, an array of arrays with a header row, an object of column arrays, and an object keyed by row id. A single wrapper key holding the array, which is how most APIs reply, is unwrapped automatically. Nested objects are flattened one level into dotted keys; anything deeper is kept as JSON text in the cell, because a table cannot hold a tree.
Every row becomes one line. You can append to the file forever without rewriting it, and a reader can process it a line at a time without holding the whole thing in memory.
What carries over from JSON to JSON Lines
One property of the JSON has no home in JSON Lines, and it is worth knowing which before you convert.
A line break inside a cell ends the row in JSON Lines, so line breaks are replaced rather than carried through.
The result can be read a record at a time, and appended to by adding to the end of it. That is worth having for a table too large to hold in memory, and it means a JSON Lines file that is cut off part way through still gives you every record before the cut.
Both formats record types, so numbers, booleans and nulls survive as themselves rather than as text.
The identifier 007 comes out of the JSON Lines as 007. Reading it as a number would have made it 7, and an id that changes value is worse than one that stays text.
The role "Analyst, data" survives with its comma, in one cell rather than split across two. That is the first thing to check in any converted table, and the usual place a JSON Lines file goes wrong.
The quotes around Jonah "Jo" Pryce are escaped with a backslash in the JSON Lines.