What MySQL Output is
Not a file format at all. It is what the MySQL command line prints when you run a query: a box drawn with plus signs, dashes and pipes, with a line underneath saying how many rows were in the set.
Anyone who has run a query in a terminal and wants the answer in a spreadsheet.
What CSV is
CSV is a text file where each line is a row and commas separate the fields. There is no type system, no formatting and no second sheet. Every value is text until something downstream decides otherwise.
Almost every database, analytics tool and spreadsheet can read and write it, which is why exports default to it.
What changes when you convert MySQL Output to CSV
The rules and the trailing row count are dropped and the pipes become column boundaries. MySQL prints an unset value as the four characters NULL, which arrives here as an empty cell, because that is what NULL means and because a literal string of NULL in a spreadsheet is worse than a blank. Paste it as CSV instead and every row becomes one column full of pipes, which is why this is its own format.
Any value containing the delimiter, a quote or a line break gets wrapped in quotes, and embedded quotes are doubled. That is the rule in RFC 4180 and it is what spreadsheet software expects.
The +---+---+ rules are dropped and so is the trailing line that says how many rows were in the set. Neither is data, and both end up as rows if you paste the block into anything that reads it as delimited text.
NULL becomes an empty cell. MySQL prints an unset value as the four characters NULL, which is a different thing from a value that happens to be the word NULL. The distinction matters and this side of it is the far more common one.
Values are trimmed of the padding MySQL adds to line the box up. That padding is presentation, not part of the value.
What carries over from MySQL Output to CSV
MySQL records 3 things about a table that CSV has no way to hold.
MySQL distinguishes a number from the text of a number; CSV does not, so every value arrives as text and has to be re-parsed by whatever reads it next.
An empty cell and a missing one are the same thing in CSV, so a null and an empty string in the MySQL both come out blank and can no longer be told apart.
CSV has no separate idea of a header, so the column names become an ordinary first row and nothing in the file marks them as different from the data.
The identifier 007 comes out of the CSV as 007. Reading it as a number would have made it 7, and an id that changes value is worse than one that stays text.
The role "Analyst, data" survives with its comma, in one cell rather than split across two. That is the first thing to check in any converted table, and the usual place a CSV file goes wrong.
The quotes around Jonah "Jo" Pryce are doubled, which is how the delimited formats escape a quote in the CSV.