What Plain Text is
Plain text here means columns lined up with spaces, the way a command line tool prints a table.
Terminal output, log files, fixed-width exports from older systems.
What R DataFrame is
R code that builds a data.frame from character vectors.
Statistics and R notebooks.
What changes when you convert Plain Text to R DataFrame
Two shapes are handled. If the same character positions are blank on every line, those gutters are treated as column boundaries, so values containing single spaces stay intact. Otherwise the lines are split on runs of whitespace.
stringsAsFactors is set to FALSE explicitly. It has defaulted to FALSE since R 4.0, but being explicit means the snippet behaves the same on older installs.
What carries over from Plain Text to R DataFrame
R data frame can express everything plain text holds about a table, so this conversion is about shape rather than loss.
R data frame wants a type for each column, and plain text does not record one, so each column is typed from what its values look like. A column of digits that should stay text - a zip code, a phone number, a leading-zero id - is the usual thing to check afterwards.
R data frame marks its header cells differently from its data cells, so the first row is written with that marker.
The identifier 007 comes out of the R DataFrame as 007. Reading it as a number would have made it 7, and an id that changes value is worse than one that stays text.
The role "Analyst, data" survives with its comma, in one cell rather than split across two. That is the first thing to check in any converted table, and the usual place a R DataFrame file goes wrong.
The quotes around Jonah "Jo" Pryce are escaped with a backslash in the R DataFrame.