What TSV is
TSV is CSV with tabs instead of commas. Because tabs almost never appear inside a value, quoting is rarely needed and the files are easier to read by eye.
Bioinformatics, log processing, and anyone who has copied a block of cells out of a spreadsheet: the clipboard format is TSV.
What Protobuf Schema is
A proto3 message definition with numbered fields.
gRPC services and anything using Protocol Buffers.
What changes when you convert TSV to Protobuf Schema
The tab is unambiguous, so there is no delimiter to guess. This is the most reliable of the delimited formats to read.
Field numbers are assigned in column order starting at one. Types are inferred from the values.
What carries over from TSV to Protobuf Schema
One property of the TSV has no home in Protocol Buffers, and it is worth knowing which before you convert.
Protocol Buffers wants a type for each column, and TSV does not record one, so each column is typed from what its values look like. A column of digits that should stay text - a zip code, a phone number, a leading-zero id - is the usual thing to check afterwards.
Protocol Buffers has no header row. The column names are repeated as keys on every record instead, which is why the result is bigger on disk than the table it came from.