What YAML is
YAML uses indentation instead of brackets. It is a superset of JSON, supports comments, and is meant to be edited by hand.
Kubernetes manifests, CI pipelines, Ansible playbooks and most modern config files.
What Protobuf Schema is
A proto3 message definition with numbered fields.
gRPC services and anything using Protocol Buffers.
What changes when you convert YAML to Protobuf Schema
A YAML list of maps reads as rows and columns directly. Anchors and aliases are resolved before the table is built, so a repeated block arrives expanded rather than as a reference.
Field numbers are assigned in column order starting at one. Types are inferred from the values.
What carries over from YAML to Protobuf Schema
One property of the YAML has no home in Protocol Buffers, and it is worth knowing which before you convert.
An empty cell and a missing one are the same thing in Protocol Buffers, so a null and an empty string in the YAML both come out blank and can no longer be told apart.
The result can be read a record at a time, and appended to by adding to the end of it. That is worth having for a table too large to hold in memory, and it means a Protocol Buffers file that is cut off part way through still gives you every record before the cut.
Both formats record types, so numbers, booleans and nulls survive as themselves rather than as text.